Everything about International Human Rights Instruments totally explained
International human rights instruments can be classified into two categories:
declarations, adopted by bodies such as the
United Nations General Assembly, which are not legally binding although they may be politically so; and
conventions, which are legally binding instruments concluded under international law. It should be noted that international treaties can, over time, obtain the status of
customary international law.
International
human rights instruments can be divided further into
global instruments, to which any state in the world can be a party, and
regional instruments, which are restricted to states in a particular region of the world.
Most conventions establish mechanisms to oversee their implementation.
In some cases these mechanisms have relatively little power, and are often ignored by member states; in other cases these mechanisms have great political and legal authority, and their decisions are almost always implemented.
Examples of the first case include the UN treaty committees, while the best exemplar of the second case is the
European Court of Human Rights.
Mechanisms also vary as to the degree of individual access to them.
Under some conventions – for example the
European Convention on Human Rights (as it currently exists) – individuals are permitted automatically to take individual cases to the enforcement mechanisms; under most, however, (for example the UN conventions) individual access is contingent on the acceptance of that right by each state party, either by a declaration at the time of ratification or accession, or through ratification of or accession to a protocol to the convention. This is part of the evolution of international law over the last several decades. It has moved from a body of laws governing states to recognizing the importance of individuals and their rights within the international legal framework.
The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are sometimes referred to as the
international bill of rights.
Declarations
Conventions
Global
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (ICSPCA)
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
Convention Against Torture (CAT)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (MWC)
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
Regional: Africa
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Regional: America
American Convention on Human Rights
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
Regional: Europe
European Convention on Human Rights
European Convention on Torture
European Social CharterFurther Information
Get more info on 'International Human Rights Instruments'.
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